{"id":104033,"date":"2022-09-19T07:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T04:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/?p=104033"},"modified":"2022-09-18T18:11:18","modified_gmt":"2022-09-18T15:11:18","slug":"600-de-ani-de-la-nasterea-lui-georg-captivus-septemcastrensis-cunoscut-si-ca-studentul-anonim-de-la-sebes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/600-de-ani-de-la-nasterea-lui-georg-captivus-septemcastrensis-cunoscut-si-ca-studentul-anonim-de-la-sebes\/","title":{"rendered":"600 de ani de la na\u0219terea lui Georg Captivus Septemcastrensis, cunoscut \u0219i ca studentul anonim de la Sebe\u0219"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Printre monumentele a c\u0103ror notorietate a dep\u0103\u0219it zona Sebe\u0219ului, se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i turnul Studentului, parte a fortifica\u021biei care, \u00een Evul Mediu, asigura securitatea locuitorilor urbei \u00een fa\u021ba deselor incursiuni ale armatelor turce\u0219ti \u0219i t\u0103tare. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turnul, care se numea ini\u021bial \u201eal croitorilor&#8221;, a fost construit la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIV-la, \u00een veacurile imediat urm\u0103toare fiindu-i ad\u0103ugate \u0219i etajele superioare. Dup\u0103 cum se poate deduce din denumirea sa, turnul a fost edificat, \u00eentre\u021binut \u0219i ap\u0103rat de membrii breslei croitorilor, me\u0219te\u0219ugari foarte influen\u021bi, la acea dat\u0103, \u00een mediul urban transilv\u0103nean. Cu toate acestea, el a r\u0103mas cunoscut \u00een r\u00e2ndul localnicilor, genera\u021bie dup\u0103 genera\u021bie, sub denumirea de Turnul Studentului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"893\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului-893x1280.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-104034\" srcset=\"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului-893x1280.jpg 893w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului-446x640.jpg 446w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului-105x150.jpg 105w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului-768x1101.jpg 768w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului-1071x1536.jpg 1071w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/turnul-studentului.jpg 1116w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 893px) 100vw, 893px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turnul \u0219i-a dob\u00e2ndit acest nou nume \u00een urma unui eveniment real, petrecut \u00een anul 1438, atunci c\u00e2nd localitatea a fost cucerit\u0103 de turci. Ora\u0219ul a fost supus unui asediu, iar locuitorii, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu preotul \u0219i cu membrii magistratului urban, au decis, ca urmare a propunerii lui Vlad Dracul, vasal \u00een tab\u0103ra otoman\u0103, s\u0103 se predea f\u0103r\u0103 lupt\u0103. La interven\u021bia acestuia, sebe\u0219enilor li s-a promis o captivitate mai u\u0219oar\u0103, urm\u00e2nd a fi du\u0219i, cu bunurile lor, cei mai \u00eenst\u0103ri\u021bi \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, iar ceilal\u021bi \u00een provinciile Imperiului Otoman. Ulterior, ei s-au \u00eentors \u00een Transilvania, cu excep\u021bia preotului \u015fi a membrilor magistratului, c\u0103rora regele Albrecht (1437-1439) le-a interzis, \u00een anul 1439, \u00eentoarcerea \u00een \u021bar\u0103, fiind considera\u021bi tr\u0103d\u0103tori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Desigur, nu to\u021bi locuitorii ora\u0219ului au agreat ideea pred\u0103rii f\u0103r\u0103 lupt\u0103. C\u00e2\u021biva tineri s-au baricadat \u00een Turnul Croitorilor, prefer\u00e2nd s\u0103 moar\u0103 dec\u00e2t s\u0103 ajung\u0103 prizonieri ai turcilor. Turnul a fost \u00eenconjurat cu lemne, ca un rug, c\u0103rora li s-a dat foc, iar a doua zi, c\u00e2nd s-au stins fl\u0103c\u0103rile, printre cadavre au fost g\u0103si\u021bi c\u00e2\u021biva supravie\u021buitori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unul dintre ace\u0219tia, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de doar 16 ani, era un elev, originar din Romos, care \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba la \u0219coala din cadrul m\u0103n\u0103stirii dominicane din Sebe\u0219. A avut \u0219i el aceea\u0219i soart\u0103, fiind dus ca rob \u00een partea european\u0103 a Turciei, unde, la Edirne (fostul Adrianopol), capitala de atunci a Imperiului Otoman a fost v\u00e2ndut pentru prima dat\u0103 ca sclav. De acolo a ajuns \u00een Anatolia \u00een proprietatea unui \u021b\u0103ran neomenos, care-l \u021binea \u00een lan\u021buri \u0219i de la care a \u00eencercat \u00een mai multe r\u00e2nduri s\u0103 fug\u0103. Ultima tentativ\u0103 a fost doar par\u021bial \u00eencununat\u0103 de succes, negustorul c\u0103ruia i s-a \u00eencredin\u021bat v\u00e2nz\u00e2ndu-l, din nou, ca sclav. \u00cen decursul a patru luni, a fost v\u00e2ndut de trei ori, pentru ca, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, s\u0103 aib\u0103 parte de un st\u0103p\u00e2n omenos la care a tr\u0103it timp de 15 ani. Acesta nu l-a tratat ca pe un sclav ci, din contr\u0103, a ajuns s\u0103-l pre\u021buiasc\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t pe propriul s\u0103 fiu. Cu toate acestea, atunci c\u00e2nd st\u0103p\u00e2nul i-a permis s\u0103 plece pentru \u0219ase luni la studii \u00een Chios, el nu s-a mai \u00eentors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Chios a devenit c\u0103lug\u0103r, intr\u00e2nd \u00een m\u0103n\u0103stirea dominican\u0103 din cetate, pentru ca, mai t\u00e2rziu s\u0103 plece spre Europa. Nu exist\u0103 informa\u021bii certe, dar este posibil ca el s\u0103 fi revenit pentru o perioad\u0103 de timp \u00een Transilvania. Cert este c\u0103 imediat dup\u0103 anul 1472 a ajuns la Roma, unde a tr\u0103it p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La scurt timp dup\u0103 ce s-a stabilit la Roma, un eveniment deosebit de violent a zguduit opinia public\u0103 din Peninsula Italic\u0103. \u00cen anul 1480, o armat\u0103 otoman\u0103 a asediat ora\u0219ul Otranto, iar dup\u0103 cucerire i-a masacrat popula\u021bia. Sub impresia acestui dezastru, \u00een perioada urm\u0103toare au fost editate diverse tratate despre turci, context \u00een care fostul rob, Georg, a scris \u015fi el, \u00een 1481, o lucrare intitulat\u0103 \u201eTractatus de moribus, condictionibus et nequicia Turcorum [Tratat despre obiceiurile, ceremoniile \u015fi infamia turcilor]&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cartea, semnat\u0103 cu numele Georgius de Hungaria (Transilvania f\u0103cea parte atunci din regatul maghiar), s-a bucurat de un succes r\u0103sun\u0103tor, care s-a datorat, \u00een principal, faptului c\u0103 era un bun cunosc\u0103tor al societ\u0103\u021bii otomane, \u00een care a tr\u0103it timp de dou\u0103 decenii, precum \u015fi a pozi\u0163iei sale echilibrate care se observ\u0103 din modul \u00een care turcii au fost prezenta\u0163i, cu bune \u015fi cu rele, cititorilor europeni. Lucrarea sa a fost republicat\u0103 \u00een repetate r\u00e2nduri \u00een deceniile urm\u0103toare, \u015fi tradus\u0103 \u00een limba german\u0103, de una dintre edi\u0163ii ocup\u00e2ndu-se Martin Luther (1530), care, de altfel, i-a scris \u015fi o prefa\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Georg a murit la Roma, \u00een anul 1502, la v\u00e2rsta de 80 de ani, \u015fi a fost \u00eenhumat, al\u0103turi de pictorul Fra Angelico, \u00een biserica Santa Maria sopra Minerva, morm\u00e2ntul s\u0103u nefiind \u00eens\u0103 identificat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1158\" height=\"710\" src=\"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Tractatus.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-104035\" srcset=\"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Tractatus.jpg 1158w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Tractatus-640x392.jpg 640w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Tractatus-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Tractatus-768x471.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1158px) 100vw, 1158px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sursa: Centrul Cultural \u201eLucian Blaga&#8221; Sebe\u0219 &amp; Muzeul Municipal \u201eIoan Raica&#8221; Sebe\u0219<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Printre monumentele a c\u0103ror notorietate a dep\u0103\u0219it zona Sebe\u0219ului, se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i turnul Studentului, parte a fortifica\u021biei care, \u00een Evul Mediu, asigura securitatea locuitorilor urbei \u00een fa\u021ba deselor incursiuni ale armatelor turce\u0219ti \u0219i t\u0103tare. Turnul, care se numea ini\u021bial \u201eal croitorilor&#8221;, a fost construit la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIV-la, \u00een veacurile imediat urm\u0103toare fiindu-i ad\u0103ugate &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":104036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2038],"tags":[24521,15279,24133],"class_list":["post-104033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","tag-georg-captivus-septemcastrensis","tag-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-sebes","tag-turnul-studentului-sebes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>600 de ani de la na\u0219terea lui Georg Captivus Septemcastrensis, cunoscut \u0219i ca studentul anonim de la Sebe\u0219 - Revista Urbea Mea - Revista de Alba<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Printre monumentele a c\u0103ror notorietate a dep\u0103\u0219it zona Sebe\u0219ului, se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i turnul Studentului, parte a fortifica\u021biei care, \u00een Evul Mediu, asigura\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/600-de-ani-de-la-nasterea-lui-georg-captivus-septemcastrensis-cunoscut-si-ca-studentul-anonim-de-la-sebes\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"600 de ani de la na\u0219terea lui Georg Captivus Septemcastrensis, cunoscut \u0219i ca studentul anonim de la Sebe\u0219 - 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