{"id":110187,"date":"2024-01-22T09:48:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T07:48:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/?p=110187"},"modified":"2024-01-22T10:18:48","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T08:18:48","slug":"exponatul-lunii-ianuarie-2024-la-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-sebes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/exponatul-lunii-ianuarie-2024-la-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-sebes\/","title":{"rendered":"Exponatul lunii ianuarie 2024 la muzeul municipal \u201eIoan Raica” Sebe\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Exponatul lunii ianuarie 2024 la muzeul municipal \u201eIoan Raica” Sebe\u015f: \u201eHart\u0103 de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a dilgen\u0163elor de po\u015ft\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u015fi traseele pentru tr\u0103surile cu marf\u0103 din imperiul austriac \u015fi din \u0163\u0103rile limitrofe” (1833)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu denumirea complet\u0103 \u201eHart\u0103 de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a diligen\u021belor de po\u0219t\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u015fi traseele pentru tr\u0103surile cu marf\u0103 din Imperiul Austriac \u015fi din \u021b\u0103rile limitrofe p\u00e2n\u0103 la Roma, Geneva, Paris, Bruxelles, Hamburg, Berlin, Petersburg, Odessa, Constantinopol, Corfu” <\/a>[Influenzkarte der Eilpost-Diligenze und Packwagen-Course in dem Kaiserthume \u00d6sterreich und in den angr\u00e4nzenden L\u00e4ndern bis Rom, Genua, Paris, Br\u00fcssel, Hamburg, Berlin, Petersburg, Odessa, Constantinopel, Corfu], documentul cartografic propus ca exponat al lunii ianuarie se num\u0103r\u0103 printre atrac\u021biile sec\u021biei de istorie a Muzeului Municipal \u201eIoan Raica” Sebe\u0219, datorit\u0103 at\u00e2t vechimii sale, de aproape dou\u0103 secole, c\u00e2t \u0219i informa\u021biilor pe care le ofer\u0103, prezentate \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 grafic\u0103 insolit\u0103. Harta, imprimat\u0103 cu tu\u0219 negru pe o coal\u0103 de h\u00e2rtie cu dimensiunile 79,5 x 56,5 cm, a intrat \u00een patrimoniul muzeului din Sebe\u0219 \u00een anul 1961, ca urmare a unei dona\u021bii f\u0103cute de istoricul Theobald Streitfeld (1902-1985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harta a fost conceput\u0103 \u0219i editat\u0103 de slovacul Franz Raffelsperger (1793-1861), geograf \u0219i cartograf, iar din 1831 oficial al Po\u0219tei \u015fi Contabilit\u0103\u021bii Aulice, prima edi\u021bie a acesteia fiind tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een anul 1826 la Viena. Ulterior, datorit\u0103 unei cereri crescute, dar \u0219i modific\u0103rilor survenite \u00een orarul curselor, a fost reeditat\u0103, exemplarul de\u021binut de muzeul din Sebe\u0219 fiind parte a tirajului celei de-a treia edi\u021bii, ap\u0103rute tot la Viena, dar \u00een anul 1833. Cum harta acoperea \u00eentregul continent european, iar culegerea informa\u021biilor \u0219i figurarea acestora implicau un volum \u00eensemnat de munc\u0103, autorul \u00ee\u0219i proteja drepturile de proprietate intelectual\u0103 cu sintagma \u201eDritte Auflage ” [Proprietatea autorului].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Succesul de care se bucura \u00een r\u00e2ndul publicului un astfel de document se explic\u0103 prin modul complicat \u00een care se desf\u0103\u0219ura transportul de persoane \u0219i de m\u0103rfuri \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia c\u0103ilor ferate. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 existau diferen\u021be de la stat la stat \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te at\u00e2t mijloacele de transport folosite \u0219i infrastructura rutier\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i regulile dup\u0103 care se desf\u0103\u0219ura, informa\u021biile despre orarul curselor, dar \u0219i cele referitoare la facilit\u0103\u021bile de cazare \u0219i mas\u0103, erau destul de greu accesibile c\u0103l\u0103torilor. O astfel de hart\u0103, prin datele pe care le furniza, aducea l\u0103muriri \u00een acest sens \u0219i permitea planificarea din timp a unui voiaj de mai lung\u0103 sau de mai scurt\u0103 durat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Transilvania, la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XVIII-lea \u0219i \u00een primele decenii ale veacului urm\u0103tor, transportul de persoane \u0219i de m\u0103rfuri se realiza preponderent prin serviciul de po\u0219t\u0103, numit \u201eCambiatura” \u00een Banat, \u0219i se baza pe sta\u021biile aflate la distan\u021be regulate unele de altele, de 2-5 mile po\u0219tale (1 mil\u0103 = 7.585,9 m), \u00een care se schimbau caii sau chiar \u0219i tr\u0103surile. Sistemul asigura curse regulate \u0219i prezenta avantajul c\u0103 era unul cu costuri reduse, implic\u00e2nd doar plata pentru \u00eenchirierea cailor \u0219i a unui bac\u0219i\u0219. De obicei, se evitau hanurile, care erau destul de numeroase de-a lungul rutelor, cele mai multe fiind concentrate \u00een proximitatea sta\u021biilor. Serviciul avea \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i un mare neajuns, reprezentat de viteza de deplasare a atelajelor, mult diminuat\u0103 de starea drumurilor, precum \u0219i de faptul c\u0103 nu aveau prioritate \u00een fa\u021ba diligen\u021belor \u0219i a serviciului de po\u0219t\u0103 rapid\u0103. Acestea din urm\u0103 erau dotate cu c\u00e2te patru sau chiar \u0219ase cai puternici, iar vizitiul de\u021binea \u0219i un corn \u00een care sufla pentru a-i avertiza pe cei care conduceau alte atelaje c\u0103 se apropie \u0219i c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 elibereze drumul pentru a-i face loc s\u0103 treac\u0103. O variant\u0103 \u0219i mai ieftin\u0103 de transport, recomandat\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 doar c\u0103l\u0103torilor singuri, era cea asigurat\u0103 de c\u0103ru\u021ba\u0219ii rom\u00e2ni. Buni cunosc\u0103tori ai rutelor parcurse, ace\u0219tia evitau hanurile \u0219i \u00eennoptau sub cerul liber, \u00een apropierea unor localit\u0103\u021bi, iar de hran\u0103 \u0219i de confortul propriu trebuiau s\u0103 se \u00eengrijeasc\u0103 pasagerii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harta din anul 1833 cuprindea 143 de localit\u0103\u021bi din toat\u0103 Europa \u0219i prezenta rutele care uneau ora\u0219ele \u00eentr-o re\u021bea extrem de vast\u0103. De asemenea, oferea c\u0103l\u0103torilor informa\u021bii utile, cum ar fi zilele \u0219i orele plec\u0103rii \u0219i sosirii curselor de pasageri \u0219i de marf\u0103 (bagaje), distan\u021ba \u00een mile po\u0219tale austriece fa\u021b\u0103 de Viena a fiec\u0103rui ora\u0219 \u0219i num\u0103rul locuitorilor acestora. \u00cen centrul re\u021belei se afla Viena, capitala Imperiului Habsburgic, iar de acolo porneau toate rutele, leg\u00e2nd-o de marile metropole: Paris, Roma, Berlin, Amsterdam, Moscova \u0219i Constantinopol. Din Transilvania \u0219i Banat, \u00een hart\u0103 au fost incluse ora\u0219ele Timi\u0219oara, Cluj, Sebe\u0219, Sibiu \u0219i Bra\u0219ov, iar din Principate doar capitalele acestora, Bucure\u0219ti \u0219i Ia\u0219i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit informa\u021biilor oferite de hart\u0103, pe ruta Sebe\u0219-Sibiu se circula o dat\u0103 la dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, \u00een zilele de mar\u021bi, cu plecarea la ora 17.00 \u0219i sosirea la destina\u021bie \u00een ziua urm\u0103toare, miercurea, la ora 5 diminea\u021ba. De la Sibiu se pleca spre Sebe\u0219 tot mar\u021bea, dar diminea\u021ba la ora 7, \u0219i se ajungea la destina\u021bie \u00een aceea\u0219i zi, la ora 19.00. \u0218i spre Timi\u0219oara existau dou\u0103 curse pe lun\u0103, \u00een zilele de mar\u021bi, cu plecarea la ora 20.00 \u0219i sosirea la destina\u021bie joia la ora 18.00. Din Timi\u0219oara, se pleca spre Sebe\u0219 duminica la ora 2.00 \u0219i se ajungea la destina\u021bie mar\u021bea la ora 3.00. C\u0103l\u0103toria dura mult, viteza medie de deplasare fiind influen\u021bat\u0103 at\u00e2t de calitatea drumurilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i de num\u0103rul de opriri f\u0103cute pe traseu. Din descrierile f\u0103cute de c\u0103l\u0103tori str\u0103ini, reiese faptul c\u0103 drumurile din Transilvania nu se aflau \u00eentr-o stare corespunz\u0103toare, iar atunci c\u00e2nd vremea era ploioas\u0103 condi\u021biile de transport deveneau \u0219i mai dificile. Abia dup\u0103 anul 1850, situa\u021bia drumurilor se va \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, \u00eenregistr\u00e2ndu-se progrese at\u00e2t \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul \u0219i lungimea acestora, c\u00e2t \u0219i calitatea lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Sebe\u0219 exista o sta\u021bie de po\u0219t\u0103, unde se schimbau caii diligen\u021belor sosite de la Alba Iulia, Or\u0103\u0219tie sau Miercurea Sibiului. Se sta\u021biona \u00eentr-un \u0219opron din lemn, situat \u00een spatele hanului \u201eLa Leul de Aur”, anex\u0103 care, dup\u0103 ce transportul feroviar a luat amploare, \u0219i-a pierdut func\u021bionalitatea, servind ulterior drept sediu al primului cinematograf al Sebe\u0219ului, \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u00een anul 1910 de Otto Schalndt (viitorul cinematograf Astra, ulterior Progresul). Caii sta\u021biei p\u0103\u0219teau vara \u00een a\u0219a-numitele \u201egr\u0103dini ale Po\u0219tei”, situate \u00een afara zidurilor, \u00een partea de sud-vest a fostului glacis al fortifica\u021biei ora\u0219ului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dup\u0103 apari\u021bia \u0219i folosirea la scar\u0103 mare a transportului feroviar, hanurile din vecin\u0103tatea fostelor sta\u021bii de po\u0219t\u0103 au avut de suferit, multe dintre ele ajung\u00e2nd la faliment. Proprietarii \u0219i angaja\u021bii acestora priveau cu furie trenurile trec\u00e2nd prin vecin\u0103tatea afacerilor lor \u0219i unii chiar au tras cu pu\u0219ca \u00een direc\u021bia acestora, jandarmii fiind nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 intervin\u0103 pentru a restabili ordinea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ud83d\udcd6\"Drepturile de autor pentru acest text apar\u021bin Centrului Cultural \u201eLucian Blaga” Sebe\u0219 \u0219i Muzeului Municipal \u201eIoan Raica” Sebe\u0219<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Exponatul lunii ianuarie 2024 la muzeul municipal \u201eIoan Raica” Sebe\u015f: \u201eHart\u0103 de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a dilgen\u0163elor de po\u015ft\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u015fi traseele pentru tr\u0103surile cu marf\u0103 din imperiul austriac \u015fi din \u0163\u0103rile limitrofe” (1833) Cu denumirea complet\u0103 \u201eHart\u0103 de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a diligen\u021belor de po\u0219t\u0103 rapid\u0103 \u015fi traseele pentru tr\u0103surile cu marf\u0103 din Imperiul Austriac \u015fi din \u021b\u0103rile …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":110188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2038],"tags":[15279],"class_list":["post-110187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","tag-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-sebes"],"yoast_head":"\nExponatul lunii ianuarie 2024 la muzeul municipal \u201eIoan Raica" Sebe\u015f - 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