{"id":114184,"date":"2024-10-07T11:34:49","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/?p=114184"},"modified":"2024-10-07T11:35:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:35:17","slug":"cazania-lui-varlaam-prima-carte-in-limba-romana-tiparita-in-moldova-exponatul-lunii-octombrie-la-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-din-sebes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/cazania-lui-varlaam-prima-carte-in-limba-romana-tiparita-in-moldova-exponatul-lunii-octombrie-la-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-din-sebes\/","title":{"rendered":"„Cazania lui Varlaam”, prima carte \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een Moldova, exponatul lunii octombrie la Muzeul Municipal „Ioan Raica” din Sebe\u0219"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Muzeul Municipal „Ioan Raica” propune ca exponat al lunii octombrie, „Cazania lui Varlaam”, prima carte scris\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, care a fost tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een Moldova.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cazania lui Varlaam, tip\u0103rit\u0103 la Ia\u015fi \u00een anul 1643, este considerat\u0103 de speciali\u0219ti o adev\u0103rat\u0103 piatr\u0103 de hotar \u00een istoria culturii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ini\u021biativa tip\u0103ririi ei a apar\u021binut domnitorului Moldovei Vasile Lupu (1595-1661), care, \u00een timpul domniei sale relativ lungi pentru acele timpuri (1634-1653), a impulsionat via\u021ba spiritual\u0103 \u015fi cultural\u0103 a Moldovei, ctitorind mai multe biserici, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 \u015fi \u201eSfin\u021bii Trei Ierarhi\u201d din Ia\u0219i, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 care a \u00eenfiin\u021bat o \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i o tipografie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eCarte rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tur\u0103\u201d, cunoscut\u0103 \u015fi sub numele de \u201eCazania lui Varlaam\u201d, este o culegere de predici traduse \u015fi prelucrate de mitropolitul Varlaam Mo\u0163oc (1580\/1585? \u2013 1657).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu studii teologice temeinice, cunosc\u0103tor al limbilor vechi biserice\u0219ti, slavona \u015fi greaca, Varlaam Mo\u0163oc a fost mitropolit al Moldovei \u00eentre 1632 \u0219i 1653.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00censc\u0103unat de Alexandru Ilia\u015f (? \u2013 1666), a p\u0103storit Mitropolia Moldovei \u00een timpul domniei lui Vasile Lupu \u015fi, conform dorin\u021bei acestuia, a reu\u0219it aducerea la Ia\u015fi a tipografiei d\u0103ruite de mitropolitul Kievului, Petru Movil\u0103 (1596-1647). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acesta din urm\u0103 a trimis la Ia\u015fi \u015fi tipografi \u015fi gravori, dintre care merit\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eel amintim pe Ilia care a executat \u00een epoc\u0103 gravuri cu valoare artistic\u0103 deosebit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ilia, fost ieromonah al lavrei Pecerska din Kiev \u015fi celebru artist al artei grafice rutene, a realizat pentru cazanie 18 xilogravuri, valoroase ilustra\u021bii \u015fi compozi\u021bii de art\u0103 miniatural\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cazania a fost tip\u0103rit\u0103 pe 505 foi de format in folio, totaliz\u00e2nd 505 foi, respectiv 1010 pagini. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tiparul Cazaniei lui Varlaam este bicolor, titlurile \u015fi ini\u021bialele sunt tip\u0103rite cu ro\u015fu, folosind litere de cinci m\u0103rimi diferite, iar textul cu negru, uz\u00e2nd de litere de dou\u0103 m\u0103rimi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primele trei foi, pe care se afl\u0103 titlul c\u0103r\u021bii, stema Moldovei, predoslovia lui Vasile Lupu \u015fi predoslovia lui Varlaam sunt nenumerotate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urmeaz\u0103 382 de foi numerotate de la 1 la 384, cu literele chirilice \u00eentrebuin\u021bate ca cifre, a\u0219ezate sus, \u00een coltul drept. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceste 382 de foi cuprind cazaniile la Duminicile anului bisericesc, la S\u00e2mb\u0103ta lui Laz\u0103r, la Vinerea Mare, a Patimilor \u015fi la S\u00e2mb\u0103ta Mare, \u00een total 54 de cazanii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verso-ul foii numerotat\u0103 cu 384 este \u00een alb. Cu foaia urm\u0103toare se \u00eencepe o nou\u0103 numerotare notat\u0103 de la 1 la 116, foile cuprinz\u00e2nd 21 cazanii la Praznicele lunilor de peste an, la Praznicele \u00cemp\u0103r\u0103te\u0219ti \u015fi la cele ale sfin\u021bilor importan\u021bi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sf\u00e2r\u0219it, \u201eCazania lui Varlaam\u201d are 4 foi nenumerotate pe care se afl\u0103 cuprinsul cazaniei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exemplarul \u201eCazaniei lui Varlaam\u201d desemnat exponat al lunii octombrie la Muzeul Municipal \u201eIoan Raica\u201d Sebe\u015f provine de la biserica din Cut, care l-a donat muzeului. Leg\u0103tura original\u0103 a c\u0103r\u021bii a fost schimbat\u0103 \u00een anul 1807, dup\u0103 cum rezult\u0103 din \u00eensemn\u0103rile prezente pe carte, iar coperta din lemn, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een piele brun\u0103, p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 urmele \u00eencuietorilor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2teva foi poart\u0103 urmele unei restaur\u0103ri mai vechi, iar pe foaia de gard\u0103 este prezent\u0103 o \u00eensemnare olograf\u0103 cu litere latine scris\u0103 cu cerneal\u0103 brun\u0103, \u015fi menit\u0103 s\u0103 protejeze cartea: \u201e Aciast\u0103 Kazanie este a Beserici Kutului \u015fi cine ova feri afar\u0103 di Beseric\u0103, deca o va fura se nu aib\u0103 pl\u0103cere de a ceti din dinsa nici Dumnedieu se nui ajute ca s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 din dinsa. [1]860 Maij \u201d.Alte \u00eensemn\u0103ri, din anii 1859 \u015fi 1860, indic\u0103 ca singur proprietar al c\u0103r\u021bii, biserica din Cut, \u00een timp ce o serie de \u00eenscrisuri de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea ne furnizeaz\u0103 date despre via\u021ba economic\u0103 din zon\u0103 \u015fi despre starea vremii, \u00een special atunci c\u00e2nd influen\u021ba nefavorabil agricultura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eCazania lui Varlaam\u201d r\u0103m\u00e2ne o tip\u0103ritur\u0103 important\u0103 pentru cultura rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, av\u00e2nd calit\u0103\u021bi lingvistice, literare \u015fi tipografice deosebite \u015fi, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 este prima carte tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 din Moldova, ea surprinde evolu\u021bia limbii literare din urm\u0103 cu 381 ani, la jum\u0103tatea secolului al XVII-lea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Muzeul Municipal „Ioan Raica” propune ca exponat al lunii octombrie, „Cazania lui Varlaam”, prima carte scris\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, care a fost tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een Moldova. Cazania lui Varlaam, tip\u0103rit\u0103 la Ia\u015fi \u00een anul 1643, este considerat\u0103 de speciali\u0219ti o adev\u0103rat\u0103 piatr\u0103 de hotar \u00een istoria culturii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Ini\u021biativa tip\u0103ririi ei a apar\u021binut domnitorului Moldovei Vasile …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":114185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stiri-urbane"],"yoast_head":"\n"Cazania lui Varlaam", prima carte \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een Moldova, exponatul lunii octombrie la Muzeul Municipal "Ioan Raica" din Sebe\u0219 - Revista Urbea Mea - Revista de Alba<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Muzeul Municipal "Ioan Raica" propune ca exponat al lunii octombrie, "Cazania lui Varlaam", prima carte scris\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, care a fost tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/urbeamea.ro\/albaiulia\/cazania-lui-varlaam-prima-carte-in-limba-romana-tiparita-in-moldova-exponatul-lunii-octombrie-la-muzeul-municipal-ioan-raica-din-sebes\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\""Cazania lui Varlaam", prima carte \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, tip\u0103rit\u0103 \u00een Moldova, exponatul lunii octombrie la Muzeul Municipal "Ioan Raica" din Sebe\u0219 - 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